crucible

(kro͞oˈsə-bəl)

1. A vessel made of a refractory substance such as graphite or porcelain, used for melting and calcining materials at high temperatures.
2. A severe test, as of patience or belief; a trial. See Synonyms at trial.
3. A place, time, or situation characterized by the confluence of powerful intellectual, social, economic, or political forces: “Macroeconomics . . . was cast in the crucible of the Depression” (Peter Passell).