In the hot season there is almost no surface water.
Where the trade-winds heap up the surface water against the east coasts of the continents the currents turn poleward.
In this latter section Spindler ascertained in July 1897 that the temperature of the surface water 60 m.
The tides being lowest on the north coast of the province, the scheme of the Waterstaat, the government department (dating from 1879), provides for the largest removal of superfluous surface water into the Lauwerszee.
When the surface-water of a river is higher than the fields right and left, there is nothing easier than to breach the embankments and flood the fields - in fact, it may be more difficult to prevent their being flooded than to flood them - but in ordinary floods the Nile is never higher than all the bordering lands, and in years of feeble flood it is higher than none of them.
