(zĕn)
noun A school of Mahayana Buddhism that asserts that enlightenment can be attained through meditation, self-contemplation, and intuition rather than through faith and devotion and that is practiced mainly in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Also called Zen Buddhism.
Word History: It is hard to believe that a word as Asian as
Zen is ultimately an Indo-European word.
Zen, which has been in English since 1727, is the Japanese pronunciation of Chinese
chán, “quietude.”
Chán comes from Pali
jhānaṃ, from Sanskrit
dhyānam, “meditation,” from the Sanskrit root
dhyā-, dhī-, “to see, observe.” The Indo-European root behind the Sanskrit is
*dheiə-, *dhyā-, “to see, look at.” This root also shows up in Greek, where
*dhyā- developed into
sā-, as in Common Greek
*sāma, “sign, distinguishing mark.” This became
sēma in Attic Greek, the source of English
semantic.