adjective

1. 1. not smooth or level; having bumps, projections, etc.; uneven a rough surface
   2. not easily traveled over or through because rocky, overgrown, wild, etc. rough country
2. shaggy or bristly an animal with a rough coat
3. characterized by violent action, motion, agitation, disturbance, or irregularity; specif.,
   1. stormy; tempestuous rough weather
   2. boisterous or disorderly rough play
4. harsh, rude, brutal, etc.; not gentle or mild a rough temper
5. sounding harsh; discordant; jarring
6. tasting harsh or astringent rough wine
7. coarse, as texture, cloth, food, etc.
8. coarse in manner, tastes, etc.; lacking refinement or culture rough men, rough language
9. lacking refinements, comforts, and conveniences the rough life of a pioneer
10. not refined, polished, or prepared; natural, crude, etc. a rough diamond
11. not finished, elaborated, perfected, etc. a rough sketch
12. not worked out in detail; without claim to be exact or complete; approximate a rough estimate
13. requiring muscular energy rather than skill or intelligence rough labor
14. Informal difficult, severe, or disagreeable a rough time
15. Phonet. articulated with an aspirate; having the sound (h)

Etymology: ME ruh, rugh < OE ruh, akin to Ger rauh < IE *reuk < base *reu-, to tear, tear out (> rug, rotten): prob. basic sense “hairy, woolly”

noun

1. rough ground
2. rough material or condition
3. the rough part, aspect, etc. of something
4. ☆ a rough sketch or draft
5. Chiefly Brit. a rough person; rowdy; tough
6. Golf any part of the course where grass, weeds, etc. are allowed to grow, uncut, forming a hazard or obstacle

adverb

1. in a rough manner; roughly
2. Brit. without shelter; outdoors to sleep rough

transitive verb

1. to make rough; roughen: often with up
2. 1. to handle or treat roughly or brutally: usually with up
   2. Football, etc. to subject (an opponent) to intentional and unnecessary roughness
3. to make, fashion, sketch, shape, or cut roughly: usually with in or out to rough out a scheme
4. to apply some preparatory or preliminary process or treatment to

intransitive verb

1. Rare to become rough
2. to behave roughly a penalty for roughing