virulence Hear it!

virulence Definition

viru·lence (viryo̵o ləns, -o̵o-)

noun

  1. the quality of being virulent, or very poisonous, noxious, malignant, etc.
  2. bitter animosity; venom; rancor
  3. the relative infectiousness of a microorganism causing disease

Etymology: LL virulentia

virulence Usage Examples

Preposition: of

  • pathogen: They also commonly contain double-stranded RNA of viral origin, which can affect the virulence of fungal pathogens.
  • strain: The virulence of this strain of cholera is such that Maputo Central Hospital is using 13 liters of serum for each cholera patient.
  • organism: Is it the virulence of the organism or the host immune response?
  • virus: While freezing and refrigeration would not substantially reduce the concentration or virulence of viruses on contaminated meat, proper cooking kills such viruses.

Converse of object

  • carry: Brown Rust of Barley The number of isolates carrying virulence to cv.
  • increase: Theoretical studies indicate that partially effective vaccines may increase the virulence of pathogens.

Adjective modifier

  • parasitoid: Work at Leiden University has shown considerable geographic variation across Europe in parasitoid virulence ( ability to prevent encapsulation ).
  • increased: Code Red II's increased virulence was mostly caused by the included subnet scanning routines.
  • low: Poliomyelitis virus of low virulence in patients with epidemic " summer grippe or sore throat " .
  • high: Therefore, lack of genetic variation can not be the explanation for not detecting evolution of higher virulence.
  • relative: The prevalence of eight toxin genes in Scottish MRSA and the association with strains and their relative virulence.

Modifies a noun

  • determinant: Starter strains had less virulence determinants than food strains, which in turn had less than the pathogenic strains.
  • factor: Barley mildew isolates continue to become more complex, the majority carrying eight or more virulence factors.
  • gene: Recently experiments have been performed to look at the levels of virulence gene expression in mammalian cells.
  • evolution: The direction of virulence evolution can be affected by the precise way in which clones interact in hosts.
  • combination: Crown rust of oats Five virulence combinations were identified from the 1993 crown rust samples.
  • expression: Recently experiments have been performed to look at the levels of virulence gene expression in mammalian cells.

Noun used with modifier

  • pathogen: Combining all four different strategies lead to higher pathogen virulence despite the beneficial effect of anti-infection vaccines.
  • parasite: Frank, S. A. ( 1996 ) Models of parasite virulence.
  • barley: Mildew of barley Virulence factors corresponding to resistance factors in current barley cultivars were recorded at high levels similar to previous years.