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neuron Definition

neu·ron (no̵orän′, nyo̵or-)

noun

the structural and functional unit of the nervous system, consisting of the nerve cell body and all its processes, including an axon and one or more dendrites
also neurone neu′·rone′ (-rōn′)

Etymology: ModL < Gr neuron, nerve

Related Forms:

  • neuronal neu′·ro·nal (no̵orə nəl, nyo̵or-) adjective or neuronic neu·ron′ic (no̵̅o̅ ränik, nyo̵̅o̅-)
neuron Usage Examples

Converse of object

  • interconnect: One of his ideas was to define logical systems modeled on interconnected neurons.
  • spike: I present a simple model of a spatially extended spiking neuron which can be studied analytically.

Converse of subject

  • innervate: Acute Polio: Poliovirus invasion of one motor neuron produces degeneration of the motor neuron with denervation of muscle fibers innervated by that neuron.

Adjective modifier

  • inhibitory: Firstly, the inhibitory spinal neurons do not function correctly to ' switch off ' pain signals.
  • cortical: The receptive field size of cortical neurons varies across the body.
  • subthalamic: All of these values are taken from data specific to subthalamic projection neurons.
  • hippocampal: Axonal membrane proteins are transported in distinct carriers: a two-color video microscopy study in cultured hippocampal neurons.
  • pyramidal: After a brief introduction to pyramidal neurons, I will cover some of the existing models of neuronal dynamics.
  • sensory: The dorsal horns are where sensory neurons enter the spinal cord.

Modifies a noun

  • degeneration: Genetic characterization of the legs at odd angles angles locus, a new mutation causing motor neuron degeneration in a gene dose dependent manner.
  • firing: It was early, I only had a few neurons firing, and they evidently hadn't got their act together yet.

Noun used with modifier

  • dopaminergic: It is associated with progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in specific areas in the brain.
  • integrate-and-fire: A leaky integrate-and-fire neuron model is then utilized, with the input to the neuron model gained through summing the synaptic EPSPs.
  • dopamine: Researchers have found that Ecstasy causes extensive damage to key brain cells, called dopamine neurons.
  • substantia: Both periaquiductal gray and substantia gelatinosa neurons produce the opioid peptide enkephalin ( 11 ).
  • motor: The central factors are related to the status of the motor neuron.
  • mirror: I don't think you could call the mirror neuron system a model under these definitions.

Preposition: in

  • cortex: In the first month alone neuroscientists say three million connections are being made per second between the neurons in the cortex.
  • vitro: Herpes simplex virus type 1 promoter activity during latency establishment, maintenance, and reactivation in primary dorsal root neurons in vitro.
  • brain: The descending pathways begin with neurons in the brain, which send electrical signals to specific levels, or segments, of the cord.