counterpoint

noun

1. 1. the technique of combining two or more distinct lines of music that sound simultaneously, esp. with an emphasis on melodic, as opposed to harmonic, progression
   2. this kind of composition
2. any melody played or sung against a basic melody
3. a thing set up in contrast or interaction with another

Origin: ME countrepoint < MFr contrepoint < It contrappunto, lit., pointed against: see counter- & point,