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chromosome Definition

chromo·some (krōmə sōm′)

noun

any of the microscopic rod-shaped bodies formed by the incorporation of the chromatin in a cell nucleus during mitosis and meiosis: they carry the genes that convey hereditary characteristics, and are constant in number for each species

Etymology: chromo- + -some

chromosome Related Forms
chro′mo·so·mal (-sōməl) adjective
chromosome Usage Examples

Converse of object

  • inherit: In extremely unusual cases a female may inherit two abnormal X chromosomes, in which case she will also be affected by the disorder.

Preposition: in

  • nucleus: Genes are the sequences of DNA carried in chromosomes in the nucleus of cells.

Adjective modifier

  • homologous: The end result of the first division is two daughter cells each with one of the two homologous chromosomes.
  • dicentric: Gaps increased 4-fold, breaks 2-fold, and dicentric chromosomes and acentric fragments 10-fold.
  • bacterial: However, that does not mean GM constructs located on bacterial chromosomes do not transfer.
  • porcine: The whole region has been physically mapped to porcine chromosome 6 using in situ hybridisation.
  • paternal: Their uniqueness is further assured by a process of crossing-over between maternal and paternal chromosomes whereby parts of chromosomes are exchanged.
  • condensed: The mitotic index is the fraction of cells in a microscope field which contain condensed chromosomes.

Modifies a noun

  • aberration: Little is known, however, about the chromosome aberrations associated with the pathogenesis of this malignancy.
  • rearrangement: Spectral karyotyping suggests additional subsets of colorectal cancers characterized by pattern of chromosome rearrangement.
  • abnormality: Parental chromosome abnormalities may be found in about 6 % of couples with three miscarriages or more.
  • translocation: Increased chromosome translocations and aneuploidy in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients having revision arthroplasty of the hip.
  • segregation: The production of gametes, be they sperm in males or eggs in females, requires major changes in the mechanism of chromosome segregation.
  • inactivation: This X chromosome inactivation ( XCI ) explains how females avoid overproducing protein.

Noun used with modifier

  • lampbrush: In Xenopus oocytes both isoforms located to the lateral loops of lampbrush chromosomes.
  • Y: Figure 1: The Y chromosome makes you male.
  • metaphase: This probe mixture is hybridized to normal human reference metaphase chromosomes.
  • X: In extremely unusual cases a female may inherit two abnormal X chromosomes, in which case she will also be affected by the disorder.
  • polytene: Fruit flies also have large polytene chromosomes, whose barcode patterns of light and dark bands allow genes to be mapped accurately.
  • falciparum: The Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 2 project was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ( NIAID ).