radius vector

  1. a straight line joining the origin of a vector, located at the intersection of two coordinates, to a given point lying in the same plane
  2. a vector whose point of origin is fixed and whose terminal point ranges over a given curve or surface, as a straight line connecting the sun with the earth at any point of the earth's orbit

See radius vector in American Heritage Dictionary 4

noun
  1. Mathematics
    a. A line segment that joins the origin and a variable point in a system of polar or spherical coordinates.
    b. The length of such a line segment.
  2. Astronomy A straight line connecting the center of the sun or another body with the center of a planet, comet, or other body orbiting around it.

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