A Web directory developed in the early 1990s by Stanford graduate students David Filo and Jerry Yang. Yahoo! has expanded into a full-featured Web portal, including a search engine, chat groups, instant messaging (IM), and e-mail. The word Yahoo was coined by Jonathan Swift in his book Gulliver's Travels (1726), referring to a race of foul, uncultivated, loutish, brutish creatures in the form of men. The term has since evolved to refer to a coarse, unrefined, unruly, crudely materialistic person. Filo and Yang reportedly selected the name because they considered themselves yahoos. See also endianess.