A DS-0 channel of 64 kbps, all of which can be used for user payload, network management, or other applications, as the requisite signaling and control functions for the circuit are accomplished out-of-band. As the signaling and control functions are performed in separate channels or even in a separate network designed specifically for that purpose, there is no bit robbing or otherwise intrusive technique that consumes channel capacity intended for payload. As examples, E-carrier and ISDN support clear channel communications. See also bit robbing, E-carrier, DS-0, ISDN, out-of-band signaling and control, and payload.