Diseases mentioned include, stenotic nares, brachycephalic airway syndrome, elongated soft palet and laryngeal collapse.
The tricuspid valve may become narrowed or ' stenotic ' causing the valve not to open fully.
Patients with cardiac disease, especially significant shunts or stenotic valvular lesions, are vulnerable to these changes.
Catheter-based procedures may be performed to open stenotic valves or vessels, widen the septal opening between the atria, or close abnormal vessels or certain septal defects.
Blood vessel blockages or stenotic valves may be treated during the catheterization procedure using a specialized balloon tip or other device at the end of the catheter.