Thereisa certainbasis oftruth inthefear thatthe Russian government is beginning to have of communism, for communism isTsarist autocracy turned upside down.

-Herzen, Alexander Ivanovich
^7  Byloe i dumy (My Past and Thoughts, translated by Constance Garnett,1924).

There are senseless dreams of the participation of local government representatives in the affairs of internal administration.Ishall maintaintheprinciple of autocracy just as firmlyand unflinchingly as it was upheld by my own, ever to be remembered dead father.

-Nicholas II
  Declaration,17  Jan.