Hess

German Nazi leader. When Hitler became chancellor (1933), he named Hess as deputy führer and later (1939) as second in succession to the Nazi leadership. In May 1941 Hess was captured in Scotland, where he had flown apparently in a bid to start peace talks with Britain. At the Nuremburg trials (1946) he was sentenced to life imprisonment in Spandau Prison, Berlin, for war crimes.

Swiss physiologist. He shared a 1949 Nobel Prize for his research on the brain's control of the body.