A University of Helsinki philosophy professor and previously a hacker. Himanen coauthored The Hacker Ethic and the Spirit of the New Economy, published in 2001, with Manuel Castells, a sociology professor at the University of California, and Linus Torvalds, the man behind Linux. The book advocated viewing a hacker primarily as an enthusiastic programmer—and not as some dangerous criminal—who shares his or her work with others. Pekka Himanen’s Web page can be found at http://www.pekkahimanen.org/.

See Also: Linux; Torvalds, Linus.