Modifies a noun

• atonement: We can, for example, make little or nothing of the doctrine of vicarious atonement.

• liability: There is no question of vicarious liability for the GP for the actions of any midwife.

• thrill: No doors kicked in by dawn's early light, no vicarious thrill of the punishment beating asserting the beef of Old England.

• suffering: However, we find no clear additional evidence that Luke wanted to integrate vicarious suffering or a redemptive death into his own christology.

• sacrifice: Thus, atonement for Paul is not merely the forgiveness of sins through a vicarious blood sacrifice.

• pleasure: A lot of people have said there's a kind of vicarious pleasure in reading our book or whatever.