Converse of object

• decay: The most species-rich microhabitats were found in association with fallen trees and branches: decaying sap under bark and decaying sapwood.

• attack: The larvae of furniture beetle can easily attack the sapwood of our usual structural timbers.

• have: Three of the eight samples had complete sapwood and could be precisely dated.

Adjective modifier

• yellow: It has light yellow sapwood and a brown heartwood.

• juvenile: The key lies in the way in which growth rings change from being juvenile sapwood to becoming mature heartwood in later life.

• inner: The stressing is achieved as the inner sapwood shrinks as it dries and becomes heartwood.

• complete: If no range is given for the date it is precise ( complete sapwood ).

• light: It has light yellow sapwood and a brown heartwood.

Modifies a noun

• ring: The intermediate hammer yielded a 139 year ring-width sequence which included the first sapwood ring.

Noun used with modifier

• cream: The timber is a pale reddish brown with cream sapwood.