Preposition: on

• ground: Once mature, the larvae exit and pupate on the ground.

Modifying Another Word

• then: These larvae mature then pupate to form the first cohort of worker ants.

• often: Caterpillars on garlic mustard, however, often pupate on the stems of the plant on which they fed.

• just: The final instar is normally collected ( slide 14 ) before the caterpillars fall to the ground and pupate just below the soil surface.

Preposition: in

• cocoon: They then pupate in a cocoon among leaf litter throughout the winter months.

• soil: These larvae pupate in the soil, new adults hatching out in the autumn.

• leaf: The leaves fall and the larvae pupate in the leaf litter to emerge as adult females in the spring.

• summer: The caterpillars burrow into soft dry sand to pupate in summer, emerging the following year.

• case: After selecting a suitable site and sewing the front of the case shut, the larva pupates in the case.