Converse of object

• thaw: So maybe warming thaws the permafrost, which in turn produces more greenhouse gases, and more warming.

• melt: Perhaps the most fascinating result of melting permafrost has been the appearance of ancient relics from Arctic peoples.

• shrink: For example glaciers shrinking, permafrost thawing, earlier flowering of trees.

Adjective modifier

• Siberian: Global warming and the melting of vast areas of Siberian permafrost has been in the news recently.

• discontinuous: ASTIS includes all subjects, and covers all of Canada north of the southern limit of discontinuous permafrost as well as adjacent marine areas.

• deep: Despite changes being wrought by global warming, experts believe the deep permafrost will be reliably cool for at least the next 100 years.

• Canadian: Specific investigations of Scandinavian ice masses and Canadian permafrost and periglacial processes will be undertaken.

• continuous: This has enormous implications for the infrastructure in this area of continuous permafrost.

Modifies a noun

• region: Oil pipelines in permafrost regions are very susceptible to damage from mechanical stresses, and large spills are not uncommon in the Russian north.

• area: GLOBAL WARMING Issues include the melting of permafrost areas which affects structures built into the ground such as ski lifts.

• condition: Sussex was never actually glaciated at any time but tundra and permafrost conditions prevailed during glacial periods.

• thaw: If this widespread permafrost thaw comes about, " It will change the face of southern Alaska, " says Tom Osterkamp.

• layer: Massive and deep reaching permafrost layers cover large areas of the Arctic coasts.

• environment: Such ice developed most probably within a peat deposit in a permafrost environment.

Noun used with modifier

• mountain: The combination of ground temperatures only slightly below zero, high ice contents and steep slopes, makes mountain permafrost particularly vulnerable to changes.