Adjective modifier

• strategic: For a definition and critique of strategic essentialism, see Spivak ( 1988 ).

• cultural: The tendency toward authoritarian cultural essentialism is not restricted to the New Right.

• psychological: In both cases, the refusal is part of a case made against psychological essentialism.

• genetic: This, they claim, is evident in everything from discourses of genetic essentialism to the realities of ozone layer thinning.

• authoritarian: The tendency toward authoritarian cultural essentialism is not restricted to the New Right.

• ethnic: A rejection of ethnic essentialism, but still favoring a nation state.