Converse of object

• call: Those which do not need oxygen are called anaerobes, e.g. Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum.

Adjective modifier

• facultative: Many bacteria may however grow in both the presence or absence of oxygen, and these are termed facultative anaerobes.

• obligate: The remaining colonies on the anaerobic plate should be obligate anaerobes.

• Gram-negative: It is mandatory that antibiotics provide coverage for Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative facultative anaerobes, and for Bacteroides spp.

• strict: They are strict anaerobes and generate ATP by anaerobic respiration.

• pathogenic: Finegold S. ( 1982 ) ' Pathogenic anaerobes ' Archives of Internal Medicine, 142: 1988-1992.

• other: It is mandatory that antibiotics provide coverage for Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative facultative anaerobes, and for Bacteroides spp.