a movement (1966-76) in the People's Republic of China initiated by Mao Tse-tung to strengthen his position and reduce elitism in social and cultural institutions: it resulted in social and economic chaos, political purges, etc.
See Cultural Revolution in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Cul·tur·al Revolution
noun
A comprehensive reform movement in China initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 to eliminate counterrevolutionary elements in the country's institutions and leadership. It was characterized by political zealotry, purges of intellectuals, and social and economic chaos.