(Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, www.intel.com) The largest semiconductor manufacturing company. It is also a leading vendor in computer, networking and communications products. Intel's hardware and Microsoft's software pioneered the PC and revolutionized the computer industry. Intel's x86 family of CPUs is the most widely used in desktop PCs, laptops and servers.

Intel was founded in 1968 by Robert Noyce, Gordon Moore and Andy Grove in Mountain View, CA. A year later it introduced its first product, a 64-bit bipolar static RAM chip. By 1971, its very successful memory chips began to render magnetic core storage obsolete.

In that same year, Intel developed the microprocessor. In response to a calculator chip order from Japanese manufacturer Busicom, Intel engineer Marcian E. "Ted" Hoff decided it would make more sense to design a general-purpose machine. The resulting 4004 chip was the world's first microprocessor (see 4004).

Although known for its x86 family of chips, over the years, Intel has developed a wide variety of chips and board-level products, including the MULTIBUS bus used in industrial applications. Intel started with 12 people, and first year revenues were less than $3,000 dollars. In 2006, the company had 100,000 employees and revenues of $35 billion. See x86, Itanium, IA-64 and Tera-Scale.