Lexemes referring to snow and snow-related notions in
Steven A. Jacobson’s (1984) Yup’ik Eskimo dictionary
Anthony C. Woodbury
University of Texas at Austin
July 1991
...
A. Snow particles
(1) Snowflake
qanuk ‘snowflake’
qanir- ‘to snow’
qanunge- ‘to snow’ [NUN]
qanugglir- ‘to snow’ [NUN]
(2) Frost
kaneq ‘frost’
kaner- ‘be frosty/frost sth.’
(3) Fine snow/rain particles
kanevvluk ‘fine snow/rain particles
kanevcir- to get fine snow/rain particles
(4) Drifting particles
natquik ‘drifting snow/etc’
natqu(v)igte- ‘for snow/etc. to drift along ground’
(5) Clinging particles
nevluk ‘clinging debris/
nevlugte- ‘have clinging debris/...‘lint/snow/dirt…’
B. Fallen snow
(6) Fallen snow on the ground
aniu [NS] ‘snow on ground’
aniu- [NS] ‘get snow on ground’
apun [NS] ‘snow on ground’
qanikcaq ‘snow on ground’
qanikcir- ‘get snow on ground’
(7) Soft, deep fallen snow on the ground
muruaneq ‘soft deep snow’
(8) Crust on fallen snow
qetrar- [NSU] ‘for snow to crust’
qerretrar- [NSU] ‘for snow to crust’
(9) Fresh fallen snow on the ground
nutaryuk ‘fresh snow’ [HBC]
(10) Fallen snow floating on water
qanisqineq ‘snow floating on water’
C. Snow formations
(11) Snow bank
qengaruk ‘snow bank’ [Y, HBC]
(12) Snow block
utvak ‘snow carved in block’
(13) Snow cornice
navcaq [NSU] ‘snow cornice, snow (formation) about to collapse’
navcite- ‘get caught in an avalanche’
D. Meterological events
(14) Blizzard, snowstorm
pirta ‘blizzard, snowstorm’
pircir- ‘to blizzard’
pirtuk ‘blizzard, snowstorm’
(15) Severe blizzard
cellallir-, cellarrlir- ‘to snow heavily’
pir(e)t(e)pag- ‘to blizzard severely’
pirrelvag- ‘to blizzard severely’
...Here are the dialect area abbreviations used:
NS Norton Sound dialect
NSU Norton Sound, Unaliq subdialect
HBC Hooper Bay-Chevak
Y Yukon River area subdialect of General Central Alaskan Yupik dialect
NUN Nunivak