absolute pitch

  1. the pitch of a tone as determined by its rate of vibration
  2. the ability to identify the pitch of any tone heard, or to sing a given tone, without hearing a known pitch beforehand

See absolute pitch in American Heritage Dictionary 4

noun
  1. The precise pitch of an isolated tone, as established by its rate of vibration measured on a standard scale.
  2. Music The ability to identify any pitch heard or produce any pitch referred to by name. Also called perfect pitch.
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