There is no need to detail the fortunes of the Napoleonic states in Italy.
For the chief events of the ensuing campaigns see NAPOLEONIC CAMPAIGNS.
There are also several of the Martello towers of the Napoleonic era.
At Lyons, on the 13th of March, Napoleon had issued an edict dissolving the existing chambers and ordering the convocation of a national mass meeting, or Champ de Mai, for the purpose of modifying the constitution of the Napoleonic empire.
The establishment of the Napoleonic dynasty at Madrid was the actual cause which brought about the disturbances which were to end in separation.
